Jrotc Mission free essay sample

That is the reason is to rouse youngsters to be better residents. What's more, it additionally instructs you mapping Skills from the outset I was thinking why Im learning these however you well some point In your life. Additionally It Gives you increasingly good as you rank up In doing that you In visited well be searching for you to set up In assume responsibility. As you get advanced its not in view of your instructor this is on the grounds that you Work hard and you demonstrated that you earned it. In you indicated extraordinary authority abilities. Another Reason Is Jot needs you to search personal growth out yourself its another class you Just take as well as you are turning into a piece of a family. By being a piece of these program it likewise Teaches you to be obligation and to take responsibity for your activities. At that point each cadet needs To take a physical wellness test it Is required. We will compose a custom article test on Jrotc Mission or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page You may state to yourself that I can do It or Im not Going to progress admirably. In any case, that is the reason Jrotc mission Is to inspire youngsters to be better residents. The Key word is propel by having your ins visits there in your companions In different cadets there You wont even consider cannot do It that would be the keep going think at the forefront of your thoughts. It also Teaches your deplane abilities you may think I dont like individuals hollering at me however there not shouting. They Just helping you by draw out the best In you. In By doing every one of these things you have the option to Teach the following class of cadets behind you. That is the manner by which Jrotc constructs character

Company Promotion Policies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organization Promotion Policies - Research Paper Example Fron this article unmistakably in the event that we take a gander at the contention from the company’s point of view, they accept that Maria is a decent representative; be that as it may, she is uproarious and forceful at time in her contact with colleagues and administrators. Besides, she has had reliability gives twice before and she gives family issues as the causes. She says that her family required her assistance and backing and it was her obligation to do as such. With respect to the highlight, it was additionally gotten out that it was not the organization was segregating her inflection, in spite of the fact that it was a significant thought. In any case, it was called attention to that Maria talks quickly and due to her highlight, it gets difficult to comprehend anything she said. The organization says that correspondence is a significant piece of that expected set of responsibilities and henceforth, it can't be overlooked.This study features thatâ we need to initiall y comprehend separation before we can give any decision with respect to the company’s advancement approach. We can characterize separation as the inclination in treatment that exists towards a specific race, shading, sex, nationality. Another clarification of segregation can be the ill-advised treatment dependent on unjustified variables. Racial segregation happens when an individual from one racial gathering is dealt with well when contrasted with the individual from another racial gathering. Segregation in the working environment happens when there is an unjustified recruiting, advancement, work task, pay, or end of the activity... We can characterize separation as the predisposition in treatment that exists towards a specific race, shading, sex, nationality. Another clarification of segregation can be the inappropriate treatment dependent on unjustified variables. Racial separation happens when an individual from one racial gathering is dealt with well when contrasted with the individual from another racial gathering. Segregation in the work environment happens when there is an unjustified recruiting, advancement, work task, remuneration, or end of the activity (Blank, Dabady, and Citro, 2004). The law that is most broadly utilized by representatives against separation is the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which expresses that, â€Å"to come up short or decline to recruit or to release any individual, or in any case to victimize any person concerning his pay, terms, conditions, or benefits of work, due to such person's race, shading, religion, sex, or national cause; or (2) to restrain, isolate, or arrange his workers or candidates for work in any capacity which would deny or will in general deny any person of business openings or in any case unfavorably influence his status as a representative, as a result of such person's race, shading, religion, sex, or national origin† (Garcez, n.d.). The current case is that the organization advanced another worker dependent on his assessment and his forcefulness for the activity and another representative who is in racial minority in the organization accepts that there has been segregation dependent on sex, race, and language capacity. There were three significant reasons that contributed towards Maria’s maintenance at her present post: her forceful and noisy conduct with her collaborators and bosses, issues with promptness, and her emphasize, which

Country with High Mortality Cameroon - 2200 Words

Country with High Mortality: Cameroon (Essay Sample) Content: Country with High Mortality: Cameroon Name Institution Health disparities are increasingly creating economic burdens to communities, families, as well as health care systems for different nations (Newman, 2007). Across the world, chronic diseases, and infant mortality have continued affecting people of all races. In recent years, there has been increased research on the causes of these deaths with the focus shifting on the impact of health disparities in developing nations. Newman (2012) contents that Africa is the most affected region when it comes to health disparities. Newman contents that that globally, one death in five is from a communicable or infectious disease. What is more appalling is that most of these deaths occur in developing countries. Cameroon is one of the developing countries which has been cited to have high mortality rate. World Health Organization (2011) indicates that HIV/AIDS and other communicable diseases are the major ca use of deaths in Cameroon. This paper seeks to discuss the causes of high mortality in Cameroon. This is with a view to highlight workable solutions to this problem. Mortality rate in Cameroon was last measured in 2011 and found to be at 383.19 (World Health Organization, 2011). This figure places it position 18 when ranked alongside other 20 countries in the world having highest mortality rate (World Health Organization 2011). It is indicated that this high mortality rate in Cameroon is largely contributed by high infant mortality and maternal mortality. For instance, research show that in Cameroon, mortality and Vitamin A deficiency rates in children are very high (Seth, 2009). Findings from Seth (2009) indicates that in Cameroon, for every 1,000 live births, 200 children die before reaching their fifth anniversary. 40 percent of these deaths are the underfives Vit A deficiency (Seth, 2009). Seth also shows that only 13 percent of children in Cameroon sleep under mosquito treated nets. Because of these, there has been reported increase in Maria in Cameroon. Reportedly, Maria account for well beyond 40 percent of deaths in Cameroon for children under five years (Newman, 2013). Research has shown that high maternity mortality is another contributor to the overall increased mortality rates in Cameroon. As found out by Newman (2013) maternal mortality in Cameroon stands at 680 per 100,000 births. This being the case, the question is what causes these high infant and maternal mortality rates in Cameroon. It is largely indicated that that in Cameroon, low birth weight contributes to 70-80 percent of infant mortality rates (Newman, 2013). The New England Journal of Medicine indicate that infants weighing 3000 to 3500 grams have the lowest mortality rat (Chandrasekhar et al., 2012). As for the infants weighing 2500 grams or less, their mortality rates increases rapidly with decreasing weight. As for infants born with weight 1000 grams or less do not survive. Comp ared to the normal-birth-weight infants, infants with low weight during birth have almost 40 times chances of dying in a neonatal period (Chandrasekhar et al., 2012). With regard to very low-weight infants at birth, risk of neonatal deaths is approximately 200 times higher. The infant mortality caused by low birth weight is directly stems from other medical related complications such as poor maternal nutritional status, prenatal birth, and maternal sickness of the mother during pregnancy, lack of prenatal care, unhygienic home environment (Chandrasekhar et al., 2012). Studies indicate that birth weight and period of gestation are two key important predictor of infant’s survival and the overall health of the infant (Chandrasekhar et al., 2012). Another factor that contributes to high mortality rates among pregnant mothers and infants alike, is malnutrition. As noted by Newman (2012).) malnutrition frequently accompany most of the diseases that cause high maternal and child mortality rates. One of the key contributing factor to the complications of pneumonia and diarrhea is malnutrition. Besides, the nutritional status, socioeconomic status, accessibility to sanitation facilities and clean water, disruption of traditional lifestyles, age, sanitation facilities, and the breast-feeding status contribute to increased diarrhea. As noted above, vitamin A deficiency, and protein energy micronutrient and malnutrition deficiency are among the major causes of high child mortality in Cameroon. Jamison (2009) indicate that Cameroon has an estimated number of 937,700 infants under age five years affected with Vitamin A deficiency. A recent Health and Demographic Survey, show that that in Cameroon, Child mortality rate is estimated at 200 meaning that for every 1000 births, 200 children succumb before age five. Jamison (2009) also showed that children with Vitamin A deficiency are at higher risk of dying. Jamison (2009) shows that among 6-59 months old children su ffering from vitamin A deficiency is 1.80 times higher than those children without vitamin A deficiency. Protein energy micronutrient and malnutrition deficiency are cited as two main reasons for causing stunted growth among the under-five years children in Cameroon. Malnutrition lead to dehydration and diarrhea, and ultimately death. In Cameroon, majority of women are stunted with childhood nutrition as the major cause. Their bodies are often underdeveloped. This reduces their chances of giving birth. The underdeveloped bodies increases their probability of experiencing obstructed pregnancies. Protein-energy deficiencies leads to low-quality of breast milk, which is not nutritious and caloric. Research indicate that most childhood deaths in developed countries are caused by infectious diseases-diarrhea, malaria, measles, and acute respiratory infections. Acute respiratory infections such as bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and bronchitis account for about 30 percent of childhood deaths (Seth, 2009). In Cameroon, like n other developing nations, there are 95 percent of pneumonia cases. Malaria cases account 11 percent of childhood deaths in the developing world (Seth, 2009). Diarrhea is reportedly the second largest diseases causing childhood deaths in the developing world with measles as the fifth largest disease that cause deaths in the developing countries (Seth, 2009). Folic acid is suggested as one of the ways that can help combat iron deficiency. In Cameroon, just like other developing countries, violence is a pre-dominant vice and it is reportedly one of the causes of high infant mortality. Research, which was conducted in 8 countries in the developing world including Cameroon revealed that wife beating lead to both infant mortality and pregnancy loss (Seth, 2009). Other violence acts such as deliberate killing of babies, infanticide were found to be extremely hard to be documented. However, as it was revealed in this study, it is most probable that missin g girls in Cameroon were as a result of infanticide. Practicing infanticide is a response to hard economic circumstances. One thing worth noting is that this vice of violence against children is widespread and affects developed nations such as the United States. A number of studies have been conducted in the west particularly in the United States on violence against infants including shaken head syndrome. Jamison (2009) showed that in both southern and western U.S. samples, men have more likelihood of being perpetrators of infant violence with biological fathers being more likely to cause fatal head trauma to children, followed by boyfriends. Besides violence, neonatal mortality as opposed to post neonatal mortality is less likely to directly lead to social, environmental, and economic conditions. The neonatal mortality are largely caused by preterm (premature) birth, birth weight, sudden infant deaths syndrome, and congenital malformations (Jamison, 2009). Infectious diseases suc h as tetanus, malaria, and pneumonia are the most common causes of postneonatal mortality (Newman, 2013). Therefore, in order to reduce post-neonatal mortality, an important factor is adequate nutrition. Adequate breast milk that can provide babies with antibodies and nourishment to help fight infectious diseases can be adopted by the government of Cameroon. In order to have adequate breast milk, mothers should be adequately nourished. Proper use of other breast milk substitutes can help boost infant nutrition. It is worth noting that practices such as diluting formula food with a view to cost save or mixing formula food with dirty water most commonly practiced in developing world, have negative effects on an infant’s health. To help avoid this, multinational corporations should be encouraged to promote substitutes of breast milk to Cameroonian women. Research has shown that close to 1.5 million deaths per year can be prevented if breast-feeding is highly encouraged (Seth, 20 09). HIV and AIDs has largely been cited as one of the major causes of high mortality rates in Cameroon. In 2007, the number of individuals under ART and HIV care increased tremendously (Newman, 2013). Reasons cited as contributing to high HIV prevalence were limited access to, as well as utilization of services such as prevention-of-mother-to-child-transmission. It was indicated that nationally 30.7 percent of the population lack access to safe drinking water, and some 66.9 per cent lack adequate sanitation, resulting in regular outbreaks of cholera (Cur...

All Of Richard Rorty Human Rights And Cultural Relativism

All of Richard Rorty – Human Rights, Rationality and Sentimentality – Fernando Tesà ³n – International Human Rights and Cultural Relativism – and Charles Taylor – A World Consensus on Human Rights? – believe or concede to some degree that the notion of what Taylor defines as descriptive relativism is one that accurately describes the varied realities of individuals in differing cultures; that there exists in the world some measure of diversity of culture. In their respective thought processes that follow from that point, however, the three thinkers diverge considerably. Tesà ³n, for instance, asserts that – while it is certainly prevalent – cultural diversity is not morally relevant. Relying upon the Kantian notion of autonomy, Tesà ³n argues†¦show more content†¦With this assumption, it is unsurprising that he lands on a conclusion of cultural relativism as a morally bankrupt concept – because he approaches it from a heavily skewed stance. Were that assumption necessarily true, then the logic that follows from it would make for a compelling piece. However, Tesà ³n fails to convince of the validity of the assumption that Kantian autonomy need be applied transculturally – and thus fails to convince that culture is not morally relevant. He presents a few arguments to this end, including issues with the universalizability and epistemology of cultural relativism (385-386), but these same flaws apply to the theories he goes on to support. Taylor’s stance of the Kantian autonomy as a cultural notion itself is never satisfactorily addressed, thus the most pressing issue with Tesà ³n’s work is this failure to convince that his preferred form of moral standard – derived from a specific cultural tradition – should be used to evaluate transculturally. Of course applying this form of evaluation to varied cultures will produce the appearance that other cultures – cultures not based upon this metric for measuring morality – will lack some morality, but this is analogous to judging the quality of a rugby club by how many runs they scored during a match or a baseball team by how many tries they scored during a game: the measuring stick is simply incompatible with what is being measured. PutShow MoreRelated Philosophy Essay3726 Words   |  15 Pages Relativism -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The first clear statement of relativism comes with the Sophist Protagoras, as quoted by Plato, quot;The way things appear to me, in that way they exist for me; and the way things appears to you, in that way they exist for youquot; (Theaetetus 152a). Thus, however I see things, that is actually true -- for me. If you see things differently, then that is true -- for you. There is no separate or objectiveRead More Equality of Life4144 Words   |  17 Pagesdefense tacitly affirms ineradicable pluralism as well as cultural diversity. I contend that the defender of religion who argues from the incommensurability of this form of life must also give up all traces of worldview exclusivism, the dogmatic claim to possess the one truth about the world. Finally, I argue that if we are to move into a future of peace, we must acknowledge that various forms of life are lived on a level playing field. That is, all forms have important contributions to make, and noneRead More Philosophy for Children Essay3725 Words   |  15 Pagessuch the concept of COI attempts to address contemporary challenges to education to produce better thinkers and more caring members of society who can tolerate differences at the same time they can submit conflicts to reasonable scrutiny. 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According to Rose (1991: 1), there are many related yet different meanings associated with the term ‘modern’. First of all, Arnold J. Toynbee understands modern as referring to the historical phenomenon of The most significant of the conclusions that suggest themselves is that the word ‘modern’ in the term ‘Modern Western Civilization’, can, without inaccuracy, beRead MoreNatural Law Theory Essay6453 Words   |  26 Pagesthe world and moves on to ask about the purpose of every action or object. The right thing to do is that which fulfils the natural purpose.† Natural law was developed by Thomas Aquinas, in which he believed that there is such a thing as natural moral law. Natural law ethics depends on the belief that the world was designed by a creator, God. It teaches everything God made has a purpose, including every aspect of human life, and everything should work towards the purpose assigned to it. If we fulfilRead MoreContemporary Management Issues9330 Words   |  38 Pagesadvent of ‘cultural cleansing (Strangleman and Roberts, 1999), ‘designer selves (Casey, 1995) and other forms of ‘normative controls (Kunda, 1992) related to culture engineering and teamwork numerous studies have argued that the very capacity for workers to resist management has been insidio usly undermined. In the past workers could usually resist corporate controls because they tended to be less normative but when the very identities of workers are intentionally controlled dissent is all but erasedRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagessituates organization theory within the scholarly debates on modernism and postmodernism, and provides an advanced introduction to the heterogeneous study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysis. Like all good textbooks, the book is accessible, well researched and readers are encouraged to view chapters as a starting point for getting to grips with the field of organization theory. Dr Martin Brigham, Lancaster University, UK McAuley et al. provide a

Fairytales compare and contrast - 1255 Words

Disney Fairy Tales vs. Brothers Grimm Fairy Tales Fairy tales are the reasons people believe in happy endings. As a child, Disney influenced them to believe that if you wish upon a star your dreams will come true. Unfortunately, that is not always the case. Happy endings are not always the outcome, as shown by the Brothers Grimm fairy tales. The Brothers Grimm show different emotions in their writings which tend to influence a gorier side of fairy tales. Even though they are both fairy tales, the Brothers Grimm stories are far more realistic in which they show sorrow, pain, and justice. One story, by the Brothers Grimm, that shows how sorrow is influenced in their stories is â€Å"The Little Mermaid.† These two stories consist of many†¦show more content†¦Both stories have many things in common. For instance, both fairy tales have an evil queen who is the step mother of Snow White. The Queen is jealous of Snow White’s beauty with her skin â€Å"as white as snow,† lips â€Å"as red as blood,† and hair, â€Å"as black as ebony† (Tartar167). In jealous rage she decided to kill snow white. In the Brothers Grimm version, the Queen tried to kill her three times.Show MoreRelatedWhy I Learned Something New1559 Words   |  7 Pagesprocess of becoming an adult. Afterall, aren’t we all growing everyday in some kind of way? It might be a little foolish or biased, but I do believe everybody has a space to grow and something to learn, every single day. From that perspective, I will compare two movies that shows some kind of growing within masculinity in 21th century. 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Valuable Factors and Analysis On Financialâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Valuable Factors and Analysis On Financial? Answer: Introduction This report consists of all the legal facts and figures such as accounting laws, financial implication and penalties and charges imposed on Deep water Horizon Oil Spill for the strictly proven liabilities. The main discussion in this report is consisted of damages observed due to deep water Horizon Oil Spill and how organization is coming up with strategies to replace its existing eco-safety machines. In this report, it is given that group has maintained escrow account to meet their contingent liabilities. This escrow accountant has been made maintained as per the legal and regulatory requirements. This case provides a clear bifurcation on the fines and penalties which are imposed on the Deep water Horizon Oil Spill and those liabilities which are uncertain for the legal fines. In addition to this, this report reflects the direct and indirect impact of ecological and sociological services in and around the Gulf of Mexico. This Deep water Horizon Oil Spill has forced government and re gulatory authorities to makes changes in mandatory requirement of ecological and sociological services used by all the organizations in Mexico. There are several discussion and recommendation given which reflects the true impact of Deep water Horizon Oil Spill (Boyd, 2010). Points of discussion The main discussion has been made on the negative impact of Deep water Horizon Oil Spill which has occurred due to the less effective ecosystem implemented by BP. This Deep water Horizon oil spill provides a clear bifurcation on the fines and penalties which are imposed on the Deep water Horizon Oil Spill and those liabilities which are uncertain for the legal fines. After analyzing all the details and points in this case study, it is observed that BP did not disclose the proper information on eco-system services and other environmental support system which could be used by company to mitigate the negative impact of its business functioning. However, BP had also implemented new eco-system which was no use and did not put any positive responses. Deep water Horizon Oil Spill had put negative impact on the financial positions of the company. It is observed that in 2009 BP was having profit of around $ million 6947 which decreased by very drastic amount and company had to face high amoun t of loss of $ million 11071. In addition to this, BP had promised to make contribution of $ 500 million in its research and development department in order to develop an effective level of eco-system after analyzing the negative impact of Deep water Horizon Oil Spill. In addition to this, in order to strengthen its destructive brand image, The BP group had also committed to provide fund $ million 360 cost of Six berms in Louisiana island project. The main discussion point is related to the amount of money which BP invested in the development of Eco-system. Company charged this amount from profit and loss account by considering its revenue expenses. As per the IFRS rules and regulation, the investment made in establishment of eco-system is capital expenditure. Company has charged these expenses from profit and loss account (King, et al. 2015). This reflects that company has not been following proper accounting and financial regulatory requirements. This has shown that company had be en making several positive plans and strategies in order to mitigate the negative impacts arouse in Mexico gulf. However, as per the accounting and regulatory requirements, it is analyzed that BP had put all its required and promised funds in its escrow account. This escrow account was maintained with a view to keep penalties money and uncertain charges which could be aroused if all the imposed charges proved to be strict liabilities under the clean water act. In addition to this, consolidated financial statement and annual report had been prepared by BP in order to comply with IFRS rules AASB standards. Further to notice, BP has also shown amount of loss which it suffered from Deep water Horizon Oil Spill in its consolidated balance sheet for complying with its domestic and international regulatory requirements. Moreover, it is considered that the total value of eco-system which had destroyed due to oil spill would cost around USD 12 to 47 billion. The main concern in this report r elated to the transparency of BP working system. Company had failed to disclose required amount of information to its domestic and international stakeholders. BP had neither followed international nor domestic reporting frameworks properly. If company wants to maintain an international brand image then it should comply with IFRS rules and AASB accounting standard while reporting its consolidated financial statements with regulatory authorities (Bodle, et al. 2016) Reflection on the case of BP In this case, BP had faced several penalties and charges due to its Deep water Horizon Oil Spill. These expenses company has charged as revenue expenses from its profit and loss account. On the other hand, as per IFRS and AASB 137 standards if company has made expenses and investment which is high in amount and related to capital expenditure then it should be charged as Capital expenditure. BP has charged all its losses from the profit and losses which reflects high amount of losses in its business functioning. Perhaps, BP had accounted these transactions as revenue expenditure with a view to save tax from the governments. It is evaluated that BP had to make proper disclosure of all its financial transactions to its stakeholders. BP had failed to make proper level of disclosure to its stakeholders which had made company in default complying with its accounting and financial regulatory requirements. It is observed that BP did not disclose the proper information on eco-system services and other environmental support system which could be used by company to mitigate the negative impact of its business functioning. Deep water Horizon Oil Spill had resulted into negative impact on the financial positions of the company (Zhuang, 2016). It is observed that company has lost its economic value and in 2009 BP was having profit of around $ million 6947 which decreased by very drastic amount and company had to face high amount of loss of $ million 11071. Therefore, it would be inferred that BP has not followed proper level of compliance and disclosure requirements. In addition to this, less effective business functioning of BP has resulted into high level of losses. With a view to conclude the point of view on this subject matter it is reflected that BP needs to make changes in its reporting frameworks and should work on its transparency issues in determined approach (Gutierrez, et al. 2013). Conclusion This report reflects the shortcoming of BP in its accounting and financial regulatory requirements. There above study on Deep water Horizon Oil Spill has been analyzed which has provided how management department had come up with financial implication of BPs responses to Deep water Horizon Oil Spill. In addition to this, there are other shortcoming have been disclosed which BP had made in its financial reporting. Stakeholders had made claim that company did not disclose proper information in its annual report. Accountant of BP had charged all of its expenses as revenue expenses. In addition to this, the company has suffered losses due to its negative business functioning. If BP wants to recreate its brand image then it will have to pay off its all charges and establish an effective eco-system. Now in the end it would be inferred that accountant and financial managers need to analysis all IFRS rules and accounting standards in determined approach before preparing financial statement o f BP. Moreover, after the Deep water Horizon Oil case, government and regulatory authorities should make changes in mandatory requirement of ecological and sociological services used by all the organizations in Mexico. This would not only increase the health safety requirements but also increase the transparency in discloser of financial and accounting details to its stakeholders (Liu, et al. 2016). References Bodle, K.A., Bodle, K.A., Cybinski, P.J., Cybinski, P.J., Monem, R. and Monem, R., 2016. Effect of IFRS adoption on financial reporting quality: Evidence from bankruptcy prediction. Accounting Research Journal,29(3), pp.292-312. Boyd, J., 2010. Lost ecosystem goods and services as a measure of marine oil pollution damages. Resources for the Future DP 10-31, 25p Gutierrez, T., Singleton, D.R., Berry, D., Yang, T., Aitken, M.D. and Teske, A., 2013. Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria enriched by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill identified by cultivation and DNA-SIP. The ISME journal, 7(11), p.2091. King, G.M., Kostka, J.E., Hazen, T.C. and Sobecky, P.A., 2015. Microbial responses to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: from coastal wetlands to the deep sea. Annual review of marine science, 7, pp.377-401. Liu, Z., Liu, J., Gardner, W.S., Shank, G.C. and Ostrom, N.E., 2016. The impact of Deepwater Horizon oil spill on petroleum hydrocarbons in surface waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 129, pp.292-300. Zhuang, Z., 2016. Discussion of An evaluation of asset impairments by Australian firms and whether they were impacted by AASB 136.Accounting Finance,56(1), pp.289-294.

Psychology Testing Movement The Contributions of Women free essay sample

In investigating the origins of the Psychological testing movement what I found most fascinating is the originality, strength, brilliance, and sheer talent of the women whom contributed to this era. It was interesting to find out the key roles different women played in the shaping of testing, development and applied methods in psychological test. A prime example of the various contributions women made to the testing movement is the Draw-A-Man Test also referred to as the Goodenough-Harris Drawing Test (Schultz, 2012 p.172) which was developed by Florence Goodenough who received her doctorate from Stanford University in the early twentieth century. The test design was essential in assessing the intelligence quotients for children. What made this IQ examination unique is that it presented a non-verbal format in which children could identify and respond to even with their limited language ability. Goodenough’s reputation certainly surpassed her name in that she perform exceptional work at the Institute of Child Development at the University of Minnesota for over twenty years and during this time she published a detailed review of the psychological testing movement and several books on child psychology. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychology Testing Movement: The Contributions of Women or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another unique women of this period was Thelma Gwinn Thurstone who because of the discrimination of the era was forced to work on her husbands L.L. Thurstone’s projects because any published work by her would be dismissed by the zeitgeist of the day. What I found amazing was that she actually helped develop the Primary Mental Abilities test battery, which was a group of intelligence test and she went on to become a professor of education at the University of North Carolina and director of the Psychometric laboratory their. In fact, when her husband commented on her abilities he was sure to call her a â€Å"genius in test construction† (Schultz, 2012 p. 172). I was especially proud to read of the successes and contributions of Psyche Cattell the daughter of James Cattell who would not invest in her college education because â€Å"he thought that she was not smart enough† (Schultz, 2012, p.172). Psyche Cattell’s name was far from her uniquest quality for she went  on to receive a Ph.D. from Harvard University and from there worked to extend the age range of the Stanford-Binet test downward with the Cattell Infant Intelligence Scale. This test was utilized to test the intelligence of infants as early as three months. The courage of Anne Anastasi was quite inspirational who based the principle of her success on the fact that â€Å"cervical cancer† which hit her at twenty five a year into her marriage left her sterile and childish. Because she escaped the primary role of motherhood almost commanded upon by most married women of her generation she was able to focus on developing herself as a psychologist. Anastasia estab lished herself in the field with a long career out of Fordham University and established herself as a primary authority on psychological testing. She started college at the innocent age of fifteen and earned her doctorate by twenty one. One of her foremost mentors was Harry Hollingsworth who inspired her to write over one hundred and fifty articles and books, including an extremely popular university textbook on psychological testing. The epitome of her career was her time served as APA president in which she received many esteemed honors. Her largest achievement was the National Medal of Science. In fact one survey named her as â€Å"the most prominent female psychologist in the English-speaking world† (Schultz, 2012, 173). These efforts are so encouraging to woman now working towards a Ph.D. in psychology. I am humbled and grateful that these dedicated, unencumbered, and magnificent women trailed the way to open the door to this opportunity I hold so passionately. I am honored and excited to fledge in their footsteps and I hope to achieve some modest endeavors in research which may perhaps influence the direction of c urrent psychological issues now that the zeitgeist is evolving. Bibliography

Adidas in 2009

Adidas in 2009 At the beginning of the year 2009, Adidas Company marked the first quarter by closing its European and Asian headquarters as a result of a sharp drop in its profits. Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Adidas in 2009 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Herbert Hainer, the CEO and Chairman of the Adidas Group, claimed that this would go a long way in ensuring that great savings would be achieved. In the description of the restructuring process, there has been a new creation of the organisational structure aimed at yielding some long-term developments in the company. In the restructuring process, the aim of the company was to get closer to the consumer through its products. The company sought to develop new levels of management in its structure, where different initiatives would be developed to come up with more effective sales strategies. This restructuring was also meant to look at key markets, in which a global reta il market structure would be adopted to enhance financial gains. Lastly, the company sought to have a â‚ ¬ 100 million as its annual savings for all the costs incurred (Barton 2). These restructuring processes were of importance in the financial aspect and business situation. As with the creation of a structure in the organisation, this would enhance realignment in the business. In turn it would report Adidas efforts to successfully compete with the international markets, albeit in a challenging environment. A joint model with Reebok has been established to restructure the company’s strategy, which has made it possible to achieve synergy. It is through such collaboration that Adidas products have found their way into foreign markets throughout the world. With this strategy, the consumer and the company are in a good relationship. In addition, this has made finances in the company gain increased significance due to increase in volume of sales. The Chairman of the Adidas G roup firmly states that adopting some game changing structures, such as collaborating with other companies, has the potential to refine their business, which is a core task in bringing the consumer and the Adidas brands closer. The first quarter had reported a drop in sales. Therefore, to the business, it was necessary to seek new ideas in an aim to eliminate any unnecessary cost that would in turn contribute to business success. To adopt a restructuring process that would be flexible and effective, Adidas (in partnership with other companies such as Reebok) came up with a joint operating model in European and American. With this strategy, major markets have been accessed with less difficulty. Through this form of collaboration, either partners remains as a single entity, but with renewed strength in its financial sector.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Compl exity reduction is another restructuring strategy at Adidas Group, where simple products have been greatly accepted in the society. This, in turn, increases the volume of sales. With the above initiatives, a better and healthy business environment has been achieved and financial sustainability will be achieved in the long run. One of the financial and business reasons that influenced restructuring at Adidas was to save on cost of up to â‚ ¬ 100 million. Through this, the company expected â‚ ¬ 1.8 billion of its annual sales (Beaudry and Groves 2). Another reason was to reduce the regional offices to retail shops, which would bring the consumer closer to the company. Avoiding subsidiaries in the company would contribute to the cutting on costs and an increase in revenue. The business restructuring observed in 2009 was primarily through management. It reported an increase in the company’s revenue and healthy financial reports. With the elimination of regional office, th ere has been a strong bond resulting from an interaction between global organisation and the local markets. This holistic approach is still being adopted, especially with an increased market speed supported by technologies that are connecting Adidas Group to the rest of the world. In the process of restructuring the company’s own retail business, there is evidence of improved growth in retailers. For instance, this has motivated Adidas Group to appoint a Chief Retail Officer with the responsibility of managing the company’s products (Barton 4). The development of a new organisational structure in different departments such as Finance and Information Technology has enhanced sharing of services. In addition, it has cut on costs, hence a good way of financial saving. The collaboration between Adidas Group and other companies such as Reebok helps the company to identify different synergies. In fact, this is achieved through restructuring process where clear strategies ha ve been developed. With these strategies, company and employees interests have been considered. Synergy has brought about success, with all the strategies under implementation being handled and planned adequately. Through this, a lot of cost is saved due to collective sharing of responsibilities.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Adidas in 2009 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is much creativity derived from synergy and through integration, restructuring and dependency, the group has adopted a corporate culture that has helped in achieving its financial and business goals. Synergy has also been a good way of creating sustainability because it has brought about a strong relationship between the company and its material suppliers and stakeholders. This restructuring strategy of having supportive members in the group has the effect of achieving collective performance. Barton, Elena. Adidas Aims For Brighter H alf. FN: Footwear News 65.31 (2009): 4-1. Print. Beaudry, Jennifer and Ellen Groves. Adidas Plans Restructuring. FN: Footwear News 65.18 (2009): 2-1. Print.

An Analysis of the Impact of Decreasing Trees in the Amazon Rain Forest

An Analysis of the Impact of Decreasing Trees in the Amazon Rain Forest Environmental Issue In recent years, there have been concerted efforts by leaders and nations around the world to confront the array of environmental issues currently facing the global community. Whether coming through dedicated promises to scale back on detrimental practices, or taking action in reducing the unsustainable business operations that many undertake, it is clear that we are at a pivotal time in history that will determine the well-being and future of our planet. In doing so, there are a plethora of issues that threaten future generations and environmental stability, with one of the more prominent and wide-reaching being that of deforestation. The concept of deforestation, in a simplistic sense, is that of cutting down trees and natural agricultural life as a means of using the lumber and resources for production purposes. Undoubtedly, trees are a crucial part in providing lumber for a broad range of activities, ranging from papermaking to building homes, and without such natural resources w ould have made it historically impossible to scale and grow civilizations at the rate that they have. However, recent technological advancements have provided new means of producing the very same resources in more sustainable manners, yet major corporations and proponents of deforestation continue to employ practices that are unsustainable. In order to better understand the overarching impacts of deforestation, it is necessary to first analyze the historical background of the issue, and how it has become such a major issue today. In doing so, deforestation has had a long history, dating back more than 500 years, as humans realized the benefits that came with transforming trees into lumber and other raw materials to be used in the production of various goods. As such, the impacts of deforestation and the centuries which it has lasted have left marks on the natural world, providing insight as to how detrimental it has been. Studies provide insight into the various periods throughout human history wherein deforestation occurred, shedding light on how long the practice has truly been around. As such, â€Å"In the classical worldGreek expansion to the eastern Mediterranean and Roman expansion westward led to remarkable deforestation; the consequent soil degradation was a major factor in the decline of the classical world. F or the medieval periodthe ways in which remarkable increases in population, medieval technology of plows and horsepower, cottage industry, shipbuilding, and crusades led to large-scale deforestation.† (Williams, 2008) Although these are only two examples of specific eras where deforestation was witnessed, it is clear that the methodologies existed for much of human history, and have only been magnified at scale in recent years. With the start of the Industrial Revolution throughout Europe, and processes of acquiring these resources became more automated, the world shifted into an era of inordinate unsustainability, one in which the modern community is continuing to undergo. As these actions became more efficient and profitable, it has since led to extensive declines in the forests around the world, with one of the most notable including that of the Amazon rainforest. Before delving into the case of the Amazon rainforest, it is necessary to touch on the impacts that deforestation has on the global community. In doing so, â€Å"the act of deforestation has impacted on the world in term of depreciating the natural environment and wildlife. It has also impacted on humans on the account of changes in environmental support processes such as weather conditionsFor more than one hundred years, the number of trees on the planet has plummeted, resulting in devastating consequences such as biodiversity loss, soil erosion, species extinction, global warming, and interference with the water cycle.† (EarthEclipse) The inevitable and explicit impacts of deforestation are apparent in the continued detriment to the climate, degradation of animal species and biodiversity, and an overall skewing of the Earth’s natural processes. In this regard, deforestation has had some of the most significant impacts on human lifestyles and the planet as a whole, beg ging the question as to why new methodologies have yet to be implemented. When it comes to the Amazon rainforest, this region is renown for its lush and vibrant ecology, the abundance of animal and insect species that find their homes in the area, and unfortunately, is one of the few remaining thriving rainforests left in the global community. With a plethora of resources available for commercial reasons, corporations began to take advantage of the benefits the region would provide them, setting up their operations in close proximity in order to maximize their profits. Specifically so, â€Å"forests in the Amazon were cleared faster than ever before in the late 1970s through the mid-2000s. Vast areas of rainforest were felled for cattle pasture and soy farms, drowned for dams, dug up for minerals, and bulldozed for towns and colonization projects. At the same time, the proliferation of roads opened previously inaccessible forests to settlement by poor farmers, illegal logging, and land speculators.† (Butler, 2017) With productions processes growing more and more efficient, large corporations opted out of changing their strategies towards sustainability, and rather continued to use detrimental practices to fuel their revenues and bottom line. The impact that these large corporations have had on the Amazon rainforest is breathtakingly disastrous, and manifest themselves in various ways. This includes the degradation of ecosystems and animal life, leading to extinctions of species, increased fires as a result of selective logging, natural droughts, record-breaking pollution levels found in the air, as well as natural disasters such as landslides that have directly cost human lives. These are just a few of the overt and explicit effects that deforestation has had on the Amazon rainforest, as such effects continue to worsen without any meaningful reform taking place. Understandably so, the issues that are debated on both sides have created chatter in the public sphere, making it clear that there must be some extent of resolution fo und to alleviate the concerns of both sides. However, thus far, attempts to implement such policies have been futile, despite the capabilities that advancements have provided to reduce reliance on natural resources derived from deforestation. Stakeholder Groups In understanding the various stakeholder groups which exist in regards to the deforestation issue, it can be found that these people include the heads of corporations that find their industry reliant upon these resources, environmentalists that believe reform can be made to allow for more sustainable productions, as well as public policy officials that aim to appease both of the aforementioned stakeholders to remain popular and be reelected. These three groups all of differing intentions and arguments when it comes to deforestation, and providing a cohesive resolution for all sides is the only way to reduce the level of forest clearing that has run rampant in recent years. First and foremost, it is crucial to understand the arguments and claims made by corporate individuals, as they look to increase their profits and ensure their companies continue to thrive. One of the primary arguments made by proponents of deforestation is that it provides a greater area to be inhabited by people, especially considering the burgeoning population issue that is currently taking place. In doing so, their claims state that, â€Å"with 10 billion people expected to be on the planet by 2050 and the never-ending growth explosion in sight, space has become more of a premium necessity on Earth. When there are forests on lands that could be utilized for habitation, then removing them can create more livable space. Commercial establishments and homes will also be built using the products that have been removed from the biome.† (GreenGarage) This point, which is valid in and of itself, then is backed up by another argument, that the resources derived from deforestation c an be used to better the lives of individuals who use those resources. Whether lumber for homes, or the plants and parts used to make paper and napkins, corporate executives can make the argument that deforestation provides the resources and goods that people purchase around the world. Another common claim that is made by proponents of deforestation is that it provides much needed economic support to the nations in which the practice occurs. Due to the fact that many of the major forests, especially the Amazons, are present in underdeveloped and impoverished countries, companies claim that deforestation allows them to establish operations in these countries, providing jobs for the locals who desperately need them. In this sense, the proposed establishments will bring about a win-win situation, both due to the affordable labor and acquisition to resources for the major companies, as well as providing wages and means of subsistence for people who live within close proximity of the forests and factories in question. According to proponents, deforestation creates job opportunities, given that â€Å"as deforestation increases demand from the lumber, manufacture, transportation, and construction industries, more people will be needed to get the job done, thus an increas e in employment opportunities.† (FutureofWorking, 2016) Although this is undoubtedly a reasonable claim to make, the fact of the matter is that such jobs and employment have not benefitted those who are living in the area. Rather, any employment opportunities have been meager and detrimental to the laborers, as their wages are immensely subpar and working conditions can be dangerous. When it comes to the environmentalist viewpoint on deforestation, it is clear why so many eco-conscious and environmentally-friendly individuals have denounced the clearing of rainforests. In doing so, there are many arguments that are made in terms of the sustainability and capability to keep up these practices, and the overarching impacts that they have on the natural world. In doing so, one of the foremost claims regarding deforestation made by environmentalists is that such practices can lead to permanent and negligent outcomes for the planet, and the climate which is present throughout it. As such, â€Å"excessive clearing or thinning of forests can destabilize the world’s climate by releasing into the atmosphere millions of tons of greenhouse gasses normally stored in wood in the form of carbon. This can damage the atmosphere and lead to global warming and eventually climate change. By storing carbon, forests provide a major environmental benefit by reducing global warm ing.† (CIFOR) This is a claim not only echoed by opponents of deforestation, but similarly the world community, as the impacts and consequences of climate change are becoming ever more prevalent throughout the world, and measures are being taken to combat this issue. If deforestation remains such a prominent practice in the corporate and commercial world, it can lead to detrimental impacts of releasing more greenhouse gasses into the environment, which has already been scientifically proven to dramatically alter the climate and weather of the planet. This is a relevant and valid argument against deforestation, as the consequences that are apparent have a far more detrimental outcome than the positives that are proposed. Furthermore, another reason why environmentalists are so severely against the concept of deforestation, is due to the fact that it has disastrous effects on the biodiversity and ecosystems of the abundant plant and animal life that find their homes in the Amazon rainforest. In doing so, â€Å"most of the planet’s valuable biodiversity is within forests, particularly tropical ones. Moist tropical forests such as the Amazon have the greatest concentrations of animal and plant species of any terrestrial ecosystem; perhaps two-thirds of Earth’s species live only in these forests. As deforestation proceeds, it has the potential to cause the extinction of increasing numbers of these species.† (Pimm, 2016) With more animal species becoming extinct what seems like on a daily basis, it is clear that the impact of human’s has had an unnatural effect on the animals and other living creatures that are on the planet as well. These different species similarly have impor tant roles in the global community, and the eradication of their kind can lead to imbalance and unwanted consequences in the future if not confronted. This is a valid claim made by many environmentalists in regards to the results of deforestation, and provides insight as to how unsustainable practices can be detrimental to the Earth, and to our own species in terms of the lifestyles that are currently lived. The final group of stakeholders in this regard is that of policymakers around the world, but more specifically and importantly, those in the United States. It is apparent in the global community that many follow the lead established by US politicians, and the actions taken by them can make meaningful impacts when done in the right way. In regards to their interests and needs, these policymakers are primarily focused on catering to the interests of their constituents so as to be reelected, as well as the whim of corporate lobby groups, from whom they receive immense amounts of funding and campaign contributions to be reelected at all. This has created an interesting and difficult dichotomy between the interests of people and corporations, with the latter emerging victorious for the most part. This is primarily due to the fact that the general constituency is less aware of the environmental matters at hand, and do not have the funding to make it a widespread issue come election time. N onetheless, it is these people that have the capabilities and power to implement policy reforms that will benefit the environmental world, and without their leadership, no such changes can be made. Policy Approaches and Analysis The current policy in regards to deforestation is quite lax and nonexistent to begin with. Corporations have the ability to reach out to foreign governments, such as the ones in Brazil, and establish partnerships by which the company can establish their manufacturing plants in prime locations with close proximity to the rainforests, and on the other end the government is paid out quite handsomely by these corporate executives. Although the Brazilian government has become far more protective about their rainforests, the reality is that the United States has done little-to-nothing to dissuade corporations that are already established in the country to implement new and more sustainable processes. This, as a result, has led to no decrease in the purchase of raw materials coming out of the Amazon, and rather incentivized corporations to continue their destructive behavior. One of the potential policy options that can be implemented to combat deforestation is that of corporate establishments. In doing so, â€Å"one of the most profitable and ecologically sound alternatives to mass deforestation in the Amazon is to attract not only responsible logging companies but entice these companies to build production facilities within the nations that they are logging from. Most of the logging industry cuts down the timber and immediately ships it to foreign countries where their factories process the wood into timber and other wood products.† (Blahnik, 2002) The fact is, that even though companies claim they are bringing jobs into the country, they are simultaneously doing everything they can to pay as little as possible for the finished goods. Given the restrictions on some forms of timber and logging, corporations ship out their products immediately so that they are not tracked or cause concern for conservationist groups in the country. By enforcing law s that would ensure these companies set up their production facilities in the home country in which they get their resources, it would not only decrease the amount of deforestation that occurs, but furthermore provide the jobs that they claim to want to provide. A second way to ensure that deforestation can be better regulated and decreased in the global community, is through an incentive or punishment type of policy that can be levied by world governments. In doing so, â€Å"financial incentives created by REDD+ can also change business practices. The success of ‘payments for environmental services’ in such countries as Costa Rica and Mexico and the work of Brazilian ranchers and nongovernmental organizations to develop sustainable agriculture standards show how this can be done. Economic incentives combined with political activism offer a powerful lever for promoting development without deforestation.† (UCSUSA, 2010) The benefit of this is that companies can be provided incentives monetarily if they fit certain standards, and implement practices that would offset their negative impact on the environment. On the other hand, there can also be a punishment if there is an unwillingness to implement such operations. In doin g so, major countries that purchase from these companies, namely the United States, can levy higher tariffs and taxes on imports of these goods and the corporation as a whole, which will reduce the desire to practice unsustainably. Essentially, this will allow corporations the option to adopt the more ethical and conscious practices as a means of not only reducing their environmental footprint, but being able to sell their goods at a more effective and efficient manner Conclusion Overall, when looking at the concept of deforestation, and the widespread detriment it has caused to the environmental world, it is clear that we are reaching a point in history, where our actions will have long-term, perhaps permanent, effects and consequences on the planet. With deforestation ramping up as a result of technological advancements and innovations, it is even more important that these progressions are used for positive means, and not destructive ones. By implementing new policies and reforms that will empower corporations to be more sustainable, while punishing the ones who forgo the needs of the natural environment, it will reduce the level of unsustainable deforestation in the global community, while ensuring that the benefits and advantages of such regions remain intact for years to come.

Competencies questions answers grammar correcting Essay

Competencies questions answers grammar correcting - Essay Example Throughout this role I have gained sound organization, time management, leadership attributes, communication compactness and self motivation experience. The same reflect on a number of key achievements: Maintaining a comprehensive knowledge and understanding of the latest products and services available, regularly analyzing and cross referencing current products and services available in order to establish suitability Maximizing sales by not just effectively identifying customers’ individual requirements and subsequently offering viable product and service solutions, but also through the identification and escalation of cross selling opportunities Self motivation – apart from my academic studies at the university, I learnt Japanese as my fourth language which clearly shows that I am a self-motivated person. This enables me to use my self-motivation to balance my work, study and social life in the future which will work towards a professional qualification Strong analysis – I have strong analytical skills – not just through economic and finance studies, but also working on my dissertation that involved extensive research, data collection, model hypothesis, data analysis and results’ interpretation which developed excellent time management and organization skills within my repertoire Teamwork – I also have excellent teamwork consciousness which was acquired from not just academic history, but also from past employments through effectively participating in group works and working hand in hand with the colleagues towards the common goals Hewitt operates in a highly competitive financial service industry which has successes that rely on the supereminence of individuals and team performance. Therefore, my key strengths are valuable intangible assets for Hewitt At the age of 23, in the year 2006 when I had just

Holistic Profile of 3 and a Half Years Old Girl Essay

Holistic Profile of 3 and a Half Years Old Girl - Essay Example Physical development After a long interview with Mrs. Davies and her three and a half years old daughter I learnt the following about this child. My interview included questions about the child right from infancy so that I could have a clear picture of the child’s development right from birth. The mother informed me that the daughter started demonstrating intelligence at the age of six months; this she did by motor activity but could not use symbols. My interview revealed that the child had gone through the sensorimotor stage without any complexity. The child was now in her pre-operational stage, this is a period which comprises two sub-stages where a child demonstrates intelligence through using symbols development of imaginations is achieved, skills in language use are fully acquired and lastly the child lacks memory such that it is very hard for him to remember something. Thinking is thus done in a manner that is not logical. (Piaget,1972). By both observing the three and half year’s old Dan and gathering information from her mother I arrived at the following physical observations. According to the mother her mother informed me that her daughter sleeps for about twelve hours at night. This has been consistent but in case the child is not in good health then he might sleep for fewer hours. The child is learning on how to use the toilet but with the assistance of the care giver and at times with the mother’s assistance. She also knows how to put on shoes by herself though she cannot tie the shoe races on her own. I provided the young girl with a big ball which she repeatedly threw overhead and kicking it up and down in a jovial mood. On several instances the child was making efforts in trying to catch the large ball. The child was hopping and down on one foot a thing that she appeared to enjoy most. She also demonstrated developed balancing skills while standing and walking on a straight line. At times Dan would stop whatever she was doing and would start watching whatever we were doing. In several occasions she tried to imitate us after carefully observing our activities. The child had already developed the full set of babies teeth with her appearance resembling that of an adult though thinner (adult-like appearance) After weighing the three and a half years old I noted that Dan weighed thirty eight pounds. This was a good weight considering her age and the current stage of development. According to the mother her daughter remained asleep in most nights while recording minimal cases of wetting the bed. (Piaget, 1972) Her child knows how to dress herself and the only assistance that she requires is on how to use the buttons and also zippers. She gets the required assistance from the caregiver and has been improving on matters concerning dressing herself. The child also knows how to feed on her own. This she does with lots of spilling but this is reducing as time goes. She also climbs up and down a small slide by herself and at the same time she can ride a small bicycle without experiencing many problems in using the pedals Through the interview with the mother I learnt that her daughter is much interested in the handling of food and also in learning the cooking procedures.she repeatedly peters the house help claiming tat she want to do some cooking. She has the ability of washing her hands, getting a drink on her own and can also brush her teeth without any difficulty. She knows how to butter bread using a knife and can also

Imperialism and Its Effects :: History Essay

Imperialism is the policy by which one country takes control of the land of another region. The Age of Imperialism lasted from 1870 to 1914. The development of imperialism mirrors that of industrialization. This is because the two reflect growth and progress. The US was more focused on competing for resources and new markets during this era. Concerns for the US were the economic situations of the Pacific and Caribbean, along with the strategic importances of these areas. Imperialism was inevitable with the growth of industry. In need of materials, countries would take control of other lands. Ethno-centrism became a part of the European state of mind. They felt driven to impose European beliefs and ideas on the conquered territories. This was deemed the "White Man's Burden" by Rudyard Kipling, who was very much against this movement. India was very affected by Europe. Europeans created a scramble for Africa and formed spheres of influence in China. Today, imperialism is much subtler, often in the form of foreign aid to create favorable relations between the two countries. Many nations benefited from imperialistic practices in that they provided an opportunity to modernize. Much of the infrastructure, educational facilities, and hospitals in these countries were built by the imperialist nations controlling them. Along with the positive changes came negative. People were repressed and their cultures were left behind. Because of this, the nationalist movement was sparked.

How Can 1984 Be Read and Interpreted Differently?

How can a text be read and interpreted differently by two different readers? 1984  by George Orwell (1949) is a political novel written with the purpose of warning readers of the dangers of totalitarian government. The book can be read and interpreted very differently by two different readers, especially when they were born in a different time. In this essay the viewpoint of two Western readers, one from 1950 and the other from 2012 will be compared to look at the possible difference they could experience in interpreting the story.First of all, the fear of being watched and controlled is more recognizable for a reader in 1950. During World War II, the media was controlled by the Nazi’s. Radio’s for example, only transmitted positive news for Germany. In order to ensure nobody secretly listened to something else, houses were checked regularly. That was not only to see if people listened to an illegal radio-channel but also to see if they were hiding Jews. When they wer e founded guilty, they were send to a concentration camp immediately. In the book this is compared with Thought Crime and the Ministry of Love.P 21: theyll shoot me in the back of the neck i dont care down with big brother they always should you in the back of the neck i dont care down with big brother This is a quote from Winstons’ diary. Even writing something in his own private diary, in his own house is a crime since he didn’t obey Big Brother, the Party’s leader. The fact that he scribbled it down so quickly and full of mistakes shows the fear being caught and watched. Second of all, the concern of totalitarian governments was more relevant immediately after World War II.The reader in 1950 could easily recognize the similarities between the totalitarian government of Hitler and the totalitarian government described in 1984. Before World War II Germany was in an economic downturn. Hitler was a magnificent speaker who offered a reason for this occurring; he b lamed the Jews. No one wants to hear that the problem with their country are their own so the German accepted this as an answer. In Oceana the same happened: P 13: â€Å"The hate had started. As usual, the face of Emmanuel Goldstein, the enemy of the people, had flashed onto the screen. The leaders of The Party use the same way to gain power as Hitler did, so readers from 1950 are likely to . For readers in 1950 this is all fresh and easily recognizable and therefore more relevant than for readers from 2012. Lastly, the fear of being spied on and eavesdropped by telescreens and secret microphones was more realistic to a reader from 1950. That is because around 1950 more and more people started to own a television and therefore it became a real possibility that everybody’s house would have a telescreen one day. Nowadays this fear has become a reality, only in a different way.The government is able to control and check a lot of things through cameras and social media and there is little privacy. But to a reader from 2012 this is not strange or frightening, it is absolutely normal. For this reason you could say the actual fear is not realistic because a reader from 2012 doesn’t have to fear it anymore. To conclude, the fear a reader could experience while reading the book in 1950 is more realistic, more relevant and easier recognizable than the fear possibly experienced by a reader in 2012. Therefore, 1984 can be read and interpreted differently by two different readers who were born in a different time.

Ray Tomlinson Invented Internet-Based Email

Electronic mail  (email) is a way of exchanging digital messages between people using different computers.   Email operates across  computer networks, which in the 2010s, pretty much means the internet. Some early email systems required the writer and the recipient to both be  online  at the same time, sort of like instant messaging. Todays email systems are based on a  store-and-forward  model. Email  servers  accept, forward, deliver, and store messages. Neither the users nor their computers are required to be online simultaneously; they need to connect only briefly, typically to a  mail server, for as long as it takes to send or receive messages. From ASCII to MIME Originally an  ASCII  text-only communications medium, Internet email was extended by  Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions  (MIME) to carry text in other character sets and multimedia content attachments.  International email, with internationalized email addresses, has been standardized, but as of 2017, not widely adopted. The history of modern, global Internet email services reaches back to the early  ARPANET, with standards for encoding email messages proposed as early as 1973. An email message sent in the early 1970s looks very similar to a basic text email sent today. Email played an important part in creating the Internet,  and the conversion from ARPANET to the Internet in the early 1980s produced the core of the current services. The ARPANET initially used extensions to the  File Transfer Protocol  (FTP) to exchange network email, but this is now done with the  Simple Mail Transfer Protocol  (SMTP). Ray Tomlinsons Contributions Computer engineer Ray Tomlinson invented internet-based email in late 1971. Under ARPAnet, several major innovations occurred: email (or electronic mail), the ability to send simple messages to another person across the network (1971). Ray Tomlinson worked as a computer engineer for Bolt Beranek and Newman (BBN), the company hired by the United States Defense Department to build the first Internet in 1968. Ray Tomlinson was experimenting with a popular program he wrote called SNDMSG that the ARPANET programmers and researchers were using on the network computers (Digital PDP-10s) to leave messages for each other. SNDMSG was a local electronic message program. You could only leave messages on the computer that you were using for other persons using that computer to read. Tomlinson used a file transfer protocol that he was working on called CYPNET to adapt the SNDMSG program so it could send electronic messages to any computer on the ARPANET network. The Symbol Ray Tomlinson chose the symbol to tell which user was at what computer. The goes in between the users login name and the name of his/her host computer. What Was the First Email Ever Sent? The first email was sent between two computers that were actually sitting beside  each other. However, the ARPANET network was used as the connection between the two. The first email message was QWERTYUIOP. Ray Tomlinson is quoted as saying he invented email,Mostly because it seemed like a neat idea. No one was asking for email.